Journal of Advanced Periodontology and Implant Dentistry
Volume:10 Issue: 2, Dec 2018

Expansion of maxillary sinus towards the alveolar crest due to tooth loss or horizontal‒vertical resorption of the alveolar bone decreases the available bone for the placement of dental implants in the posterior maxilla. The method suggested for placing implants with a standard length is the use of sinus lift surgery with autogenous bone graft or bone substitute materials. The aim of the present research, with split-mouth design, was radiographic comparison of the density and height of the posterior of maxillary bone after open sinus lift procedure with and without PRF.

In this split-mouth clinical trial, 14 patients were evaluated, with complete or partial bilateral edentulism of the upper jaw. In each case, for the sinus lift surgery of the test side, PRF was used, while in the sinus lift surgery of the other side of the same patient no graft materials were used. After six months and before the second surgery, CBCT was used to evaluate bone density and height.

All the 41 implants were osseointegrated and were clinically stable. The bone height was 1.42 mm higher in the PRF group than the group without PRF, which was statistically significant. The mean density of the bone formed around the dental implants in the PRF group was 52.85 units higher than that of the group without PRF, which was statistically significant.

Using PRF in sinus lift surgery might enhance the quantity and quality of bone formation.

 Atherosclerosis is known as one of the chronic diseases with high prevalence in the human species. Many studies have elucidated the relationship between this disease and chronic periodontitis caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of P.g fimbriae A (fimA) genotypes II and IV in patients with periodontitis and atherosclerosis.

This cross-sectional study investigated the frequency of P.g II and IV genotypes in the subgingival plaque specimens of 42 subjects in three experimental groups: periodontitis (A), atherosclerosis (B), periodontitis + atherosclerosis (C) and aortic wall specimens obtained from 30 patients (groups B and C) by the PCR technique.

P.g bacterium was seen in 46.6% of patients with chronic periodontitis. The same bacterium was not found in aortic wall specimens of patients with chronic periodontitis (group C) and there was only one P.g-positive aortic wall specimen (7.7%) among the patients with healthy periodontium (group B). Genotypes II and IV were not observed in any specimen.

The results of statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between the prevalence of P.g and genotypes II and IV in the subgingival plaques and the incidence and severity of atherosclerosis

 Acentric double pedicle graft is an alternative to double pedicle graft, which can improve clinical outcomes by removing tension in sutures. This study examined the effect of using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on the success rate of acentric double pedicle graft in treating patients with Miller Class I and II recessions.

A total of 16 Miller Class I and II lesions were studied in 8 patients. The samples were divided into two groups in terms of PRF use: with PRF and without PRF. Indices, including recession depth, width of keratinized gingiva and pocket depth, were measured with a standard Michigan O probe with Williams marking. Six months later, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Wilcoxon nonparametric test were applied with SPSS17 to analyze data.

The recession depth, width of keratinized gingiva, and increased root coverage exhibited a significant difference between the two groups after surgery, but no significant difference was found in pocket depths.

Applying PRF with acentric double pedicle graft reduced the recession depth, increased the width of keratinized gingiva and enhanced the extent of root coverage when compared with the situation where PRF was not used. Therefore, this study supports the use of PRF with acentric double pedicle graft in root coverage treatments.

 This study aimed to determine the long-term survival rate of implants placed in fresh sockets of extracted maxillary molars with simultaneous sinus floor elevation and early loading protocol.

Nineteen maxillary molar teeth were extracted by tooth sectioning, and the sockets were debrided. Drilling for implant placement (Either Xive, Dentsply or Axiom, Antogyr) was terminated 1 mm short of the sinus floor with a pilot drill. Then, according to Summers’ technique, elevation of the Schneiderian membrane and bone grafting were performed. The implants were placed according to non-submerged procedure after sinus grafting and preparation of the desired osteotomy site.

The implants had been in function up to 5 years and the mean time of loading was 33.12 months. Analysis of crestal bone loss records indicated a mean of -0.054±0.56 mm of bone resorption (with a range of –0.86 to +0.90 mm). The amount of crestal bone resorption on the mesial and distal surfaces of implants was -0.02±0.559 mm and -0.09±0.59 mm, respectively (P=0.232). Survival rates and success rates were 100% and 95.45%, respectively.

Immediate implant placement in the posterior maxilla with simultaneous sinus floor augmentation and early loading was a reliable and predictable approach.

 Tilted implants have been recommended as an alternative to the bone graft procedures in implant sites although with possibly higher stress concentrations. This study reviews finite element studies to evaluate patterns of stress and strain in complete-arch prostheses supported by 4‒6 implants.

A literature search was performed using the online databases. Articles published in English from 2003 to 2015 were reviewed. A total of 100 articles were found related to the subject and after evaluating the titles and abstracts, 18 studies were selected.

By increasing the number of implants, a reduction was detected in the amount of stress in the bone and implants, while in others, the stress level did not change with the increase in the number of implants.

According to finite element analyses, placing a distal implant in an angular position results in better distribution of forces and stresses. Using less cantilever lengths would reduce the stress

 The aim of the current study was to evaluate implant surface changes following radiation with diode laser beams at various energy levels.

Twenty implants (Dentis, Korea) were irradiated with diode laser, and two implants were considered as controls. The samples were irradiated at energies of 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 W for 5 and 10 seconds . Then surface implant changes were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

At irradiation with laser beam energies of 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 W, there were no significant morphologic changes and any melting on implants and the surfaces in SEM analyses were similar to the control group surfaces. However, irradiation with 4.5 and 5.5 W for 5 and 10 seconds resulted in surface changes. In particular, after irradiation with 5.5-W diode laser beams for 10 seconds, extensive melting was visible.

The results of the current study showed that diode laser beams up to 3.5 W did not damage implant surfaces; therefore, they might be useful for treatment of peri-implantitis.

Obesity is an important subject in both developed and developing countries. Obesity is a risk factor for many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and osteoarthritis. Periodontitis is a prevalent, chronic disease and multiple factors have been proposed to contribute to its progression. we aimed to compare the periodontal status of normalweight and obese individuals.

In this study, we consecutively selected 100 patients (50 obese and overweight as the case group, based on body mass index [BMI], and 50 others with normal weight, as the control group) referred to the Periodontology Department of Mashhad Dental School. The demographic data of the participants were recorded, including age, gender, height and weight. The following periodontal parameters were assessed: periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and plaque index. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, chi-squared test and independent t-test, as well as ANCOVA, were used to analyze data.

We found that the mean PPD was similar in the test and control groups (P=0.168). Moreover, CAL was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.494).

Our findings indicated that obesity and overweight do not seem to have an association with periodontal parameters such as periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss. Further research is needed to evaluate this relationship.